global outb ; out b - send a byte to an I/O port ; stack: [esp + 8] the data byte ; [esp + 4] the I/O port ; [esp ] return address outb: mov al, [esp + 8] mov dx, [esp + 4] ; move the address into dx out dx, al ; send the data to the I/O port ret ; return to the calling function global inb ; inb - returns a byte from the given I/O port ; stack: [esp + 4] The address of the I/O port ; [esp ] The return address inb: mov dx, [esp + 4] ; move the address of the I/O port to the dx register in al, dx ; read a byte from the I/O port and store it in the al register ret ; return the read byte global io_wait io_wait: mov al, 0x0 out 0x80, al ret