adds some comments, fixes a few tiny bugs

kernel/arch/boot.s

@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+; Here is our entry point to the kernel
+; A very simple assembly file
+; We set up some parameters and then pass the execution to our kmain
+
 global loader 				; entry symbol for ELF
 extern kmain
 
@@ -6,12 +10,17 @@ FLAGS		equ 0x3
 CHECKSUM	equ -(MAGIC_NUMBER + FLAGS)	; calculate the checksum
 KERNEL_STACK_SIZE equ 4096
 
+; The multiboot section is a semi requirement for grub
+; All this is doing is placing the required magic number, flags, and the checksum into the file first
+; This lets grub know if this is a valid multiboot kernel or not
 section .multiboot
 align 4 				; code must be 4 byte aligned
 	dd MAGIC_NUMBER
 	dd FLAGS
 	dd CHECKSUM
 
+; Here we're setting up the stack
+; Giving us 4096 bytes (resb)
 section .bss
 align 4
 kernel_stack:
@@ -19,10 +28,12 @@ kernel_stack:
 
 section .text
 loader:
-	mov esp, kernel_stack + KERNEL_STACK_SIZE
+	mov esp, kernel_stack + KERNEL_STACK_SIZE ; move the top of the stack into esp
 
-	call kmain
+	call kmain ; pass execution over to our kmain function, where all of the real stuff is done
 
-	;cli
+	; Should the system exit, we clear the interrupt flag
+	; and do an infinite loop of nothing
+	cli 
 loop:	hlt
 	jmp loop 

kernel/arch/gdt/gdt_entry.c

@@ -6,6 +6,25 @@
 #include <kernel/_kernel.h>
 #endif
 
+/**
+ * What is this file?
+ *
+ * Well, to properly set up a lot of the system, we need something called a GDT
+ * or, a Global Descriptor Table.
+ *
+ * This table, establishes a few things.
+ *
+ * Mainly it sets 4 segments,
+ * 	A kernel code segment, with RING 0 permissions
+ * 	A kernel data segment, with RING 0 permissions
+ * 	A user code segment, with RING 3 permissions
+ * 	A user data segment, with RING 3 permissions
+ *
+ * This allows for future userspace to properly segment code and data,
+ * anything in userspace shouldn't have access to hardware like the kernel does
+ * So by passing through this GDT, we can dish out authority to access certain data, functions,
+ * etc, by going through the CPU permission system (RING 0 - 3)
+ */
 
 uint64_t gdt[GDT_SIZE];
 
@@ -26,12 +45,14 @@ uint64_t create_descriptor(uint32_t base, uint32_t limit, uint16_t flag)
 	return descriptor;
 }
 
+#ifdef __TESTING__
 void dump_gdt(void)
 {
 	for (int i = 0; i < GDT_SIZE; i++) {
 		printf("GDT_ENTRY %d: %4 | %2\n", i, gdt[i], gdt[i]);
 	}
 }
+#endif
 
 
 void gdt_init(void)

kernel/arch/link.ld

@@ -1,25 +1,41 @@
-ENTRY(loader)
+/**
+ * This is the linker file.
+ *
+ * This file tells the linker (ld) how we want to arrange the code into the output file.
+ */
+ENTRY(loader) /* This is the first entry point, defined in boot.s */
 
 SECTIONS
 {
-	. = 1M;
+	/* 
+	 * This is telling the linker that anything after here should be loaded at 2M onwards
+	 * The reason for 2M, is that we want to give room for the BIOS, (and UEFI), 2M is generally regarded as a safe spot
+	 * to place the memory offset 
+	 * */
+	. = 2M; 
 
-	.text BLOCK(4K) : ALIGN(4K)
+	/*
+	 *  BLOCK is an alias for ALIGN, we're telling the linker that we want each section to be aligned at 4K
+	 */
+	.text BLOCK(4K) : ALIGN(4K) /* The first section we want is the text section, this is where most code is */
 	{
-		*(.multiboot)
+		*(.multiboot) /* Multiboot needs to be early in the file, required by grub */
-		*(.text)
+		*(.text) /* The text section */
 	}
 
+	/* R/O data */
 	.rodata BLOCK(4K) : ALIGN(4K)
 	{
 		*(.rodata)
 	}
 
+	/* Data */
 	.data BLOCK(4K) : ALIGN(4K)
 	{
 		*(.data)
 	}
 
+	/* BSS */
 	.bss BLOCK(4K) : ALIGN(4K)
 	{
 		*(COMMON)